New Article: Tryon P. Woods in Social Text on postracialism and punishment

Tryon P. Woods has published "'Beat It like a Cop': The Erotic Cultural Politics of Punishment in the Era of Postracialism" in Social Text (Volume 31, Issue 1, Spring 2013, pp.21-41).  From the beginning of the article:

My concern in this essay is with how those of us involved with problems of black revolution—that is, with the crux of what it means to liberate humanity—can further develop a critical stance that deals honestly with the ethicopolitical context in which black art, black performance, black social movements, and black popular culture find expression.  I am, in  other words, interested in configuring the critical study of hip hop within an accounting of the materiality of antiblack sexual violence in which the  modern world is grounded, especially as hip hop emerges through the transmutation of the state’s terroristic repression of black revolution in the 1960s and 1970s into the sexualized violence of the present prison industrial complex.  My focus, then, is on how the context of a world in which, since the dawn of the African slave trade, black people are structurally positioned outside the human family, and its claims to integrity, honor, and visibility can inform how we read black expressive cultures.  I suggest that rigorous adherence to this context is rare in cultural critique. 

-- Nick J. Sciullo

Copyright Fair Use Panel

Hip hop and copyright law are intimately connected.  Professors K.J. Greene and Andre Smith have argued that copyright law acted in the past and continues to act to stifle freedom, creativity and originality in hip hop music.  A symposium is being held at Thomas Jefferson School of Law on April 12, 2013, that will serve to enlighten all on recent changes in copyright law, particularly the fair use doctrine.

Will Hip Hop Solve Mass Incarceration?

We've all heard about the evils of mass incarceration, made perhaps most salient by Michelle Alexander's book The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness.  Reactions to the book have largely been positive and you need not look far to find a review of this important text (SocialistAlternative.org, New York Times, Boston Review, International Socialist Review, Seattle Post-Intelligencer, Yale Daily News, Washington Lawyer, Journal of Sociology and Social Welfare, and my own in the Texas Law Review Dicta are but a few of the many reviews).  Savvy Internet searchers that you are, I am sure you've also come across numerous reading groups, discussion board threads, and local meetings organizing people around the important issue of mass incarceration.  These are all great.

But, now what?  Alexander suggests we need a mass movement to end mass incarceration.  Russell Simmons and Dr. Boyce Watkins have joined forces to call on the White House to address mass incarceration.  They remain relatively quite about their plans however.  We do know that several hip-hoppers are involved including Lil' Wayne and Nicki Minaj.  KultureKritic.com and BlackBlueDog.com have both reported this story.

Questions remain... What should we expect from Simmons and Watkins and their associated stars?  Will their work reach the masses who will need to join in the effort to end mass incarceration?  When will we have a better idea what Simmons and Watkins want and what their strategy is for achieving it?  Simmons and Watkins are surely doing important work, but we'll need to wait and see what becomes of their efforts.


-- Nick J. Sciullo

Criminal Justice in the 21st Century Conference

The Journal of Civil Rights and Economic Development at the St. John's Law School is sponsoring a timely event regarding criminal "justice" in the 21st century.  The event will be held Friday, April 5th, 2013 at St. John's School of Law in Queens, New York.  The Conference Information is below:
 

Criminal Justice in the 21st Century: The Challenge to Protect Individual Freedoms, Civil Rights, and Our Safety

Hosts:

Journal of Civil Rights and Economic Development
The Ronald H. Brown Center for Civil Rights and Economic Development

Co-Sponsors

• Society of American Law Teachers (SALT)
• Asian American Legal Defense and Educational Fund
• NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund, Inc. (LDF)
• New York Civil Liberties Union (NYCLU)
• Latino Justice/PRLDEF

Date, Friday, April 5, 2013

Time, 8 a.m. – 7:30 p.m.

Location, St. John's School of Law
8000 Utopia Parkway
Queens, NY 11439

Description:

Criminal justice in the 21st Century confronts a combination of novel and familiar challenges. New technology and new legislation purport to redefine individual rights, such as the right to privacy or the right to bear arms, in the name of greater public safety. While the past decade boasted a record low number of reported crimes, prosecutorial and police power continues to expand. These issues raise a question of whether there is any legal, constitutionally sanctioned manner to balance individual rights and safety concerns.

This symposium provides a balanced discussion about pertinent 21st Century criminal justice issues. It weighs broader societal interests, such as safety and public order, against individual interests, including civil rights and civil liberties, privacy and autonomy. This symposium confronts these difficult issues with an open, informed perspective that fosters dialogue with an end towards positing practical and effective solutions.

Symposium Themes Include:

• The impact of technology on individual rights, such as privacy and government regulation
• The constitutionality of current police practices, particularly in NYC, with respect to racial profiling
• The legal realities for juveniles in the criminal justice system
• Evaluation and analysis of recent federal and New York State responses to proposed gun safety measures and reforms
• Exploration of contemporary issues facing prisons

Featured Speakers Include:

• Sen. Eric Adams, New York State Senator, 20th Senate District (Brooklyn)
• Hon. Harold Baer, Jr., United States District Judge, Southern District of New York
• Juan Cartagena, President, Latino Justice/PRLDEF
• Hon. Sterling Johnson, Jr., United States District Judge, Eastern District of New York
• Sen. Jeffrey D. Klein, Temporary President and IDC Coalition Leader, 34th Senate District (Bronx)
• Donna Lieberman, Executive Director, New York Civil Liberties Union

Continuing Legal Education (CLE):
The full-day symposium qualifies for 7 non-transitional CLE credit hours (1 ethics and 6 practice credits). No partial credit will be awarded. The CLE fee is $175. Hardship tuition reduction is available. To receive CLE credit, please complete the CLE Payment Form and return it as directed on the form.

Registration:
There is no fee to attend the symposium, but registration is required. Please complete and submit the online registration form.

More Information:
Ms. Jordan K. Hummel '13
Symposium Editor
Journal of Civil Rights and Economic Development
jordan.hummelJCRED@gmail.com
(718) 990-6074

Does Hip Hop Injure the Black Community?

Hip Hop Concert in Boston, MA

Hip hop writer Sebastian Elkouby asks "Is Hip Hop Destroying Black America?" in his RapRehab.com article published this week.  Commercialized hip hop is castigated by Elkouby as he responds to the common refrain from some quarters that hip hop positively injures African American youth and communities.  Elkouby writes:

"Is Hip Hop Destroying Black America? To answer this question fairly, we must first discard the distorted image of Hip Hop that mainstream media has passed off for the past 20 years. Hip Hop is a movement consisting of 4 main artistic elements: DJ’ing, Rapping, Breaking and Graffiti. But at its core, it is a philosophy based on the idea that self expression is an integral part of the pursuit of peace, love and unity. It was created by young visionaries who tapped into their greatest potential and gave birth to one of the most important cultural phenomenon the world has ever seen."

Elkouby rightly asks why critics so expressly point to artists for perpetuating negative stereotypes, glorification of violence, and disrespect of women, while ignoring the record executives, the "adults" in the room, who fill the nation's airwaves with banal messages and low-brow fare. "It’s easy to blame talentless top 40 rappers for dominating the airwaves of so called hip hop radio stations like L.A.’s Power 106 or New York’s Hot 97 while Rick Cummings, president of programming for Emmis Communications, which owns both stations, isn’t held accountable for his part in broadcasting filth to millions of listeners.  Time and time again, the real decision makers get away with murder while rap artists are projected as the embodiment of everything that is wrong with Hip Hop and young Black males.  Kind of how gangs are perceived as the lone cause of urban violence while those who bring guns and drugs into the community remain anonymous." 

Further, Interscope President Jimmy Iovine gets called out as the real "gangster" in gangsta rap music, for propagating ridiculousness in hip hop, particularly after signing Chicago 16-year old Chief Keef, who does little more than extol the virtue of blunt smoking and snitch killing in his music.

Has the Record Industry Turned it Around?

For the first time since 1999, the record industry has seen growth. The first revenue increase in 15 years can be tied to a 9% increase in digital download sales.  Perhaps the record industry has figured out how to monetize digital record sales.  Approximately 10% of digital revenues are made up of paid subscriptions through avenues such as Pandora and Slacker radios. The entire global industry profited at $16.5 Billion in 2012, yet insiders still complain that growth could be more robust if not for the illegal downloading community.  Hip hop and R&B artists drove much of the revenue in 2012, including top sellers Flo Rida, Nicki Minaj, Adele, Rihanna, and Pink.  

  

Global Singles Best Sellers in 2012

	Artist	Title	Total (m units)
1	Carly Rae Jepsen	Call Me Maybe	12.5
2	Gotye	Somebody That I Used To Know	11.8
3	PSY	Gangnam Style	9.7
4	fun.	We Are Young	9.6
5	Maroon 5	Payphone	9.1
6	Michel Teló	Ai Se Eu Te Pego	7.2
7	Nicki Minaj	Starships	7.2
8	Maroon 5	One More Night	6.9
9	Flo Rida	Whistle	6.6
10	Flo Rida	Wild ones	6.5

Source: IFPI

CFP: Words Beats & Life

Call for Submissions

 

Seeking submissions for three themes that will be presented at the 2013 Teach-In:

1. Hip Hop as an identity,

2. Hip Hop and capacity building, and

3. Legacy: Lessons learned from our elders and ancestors

Hip Hop as an Identity

What does it mean to say, “I am Hip Hop”? Knowledge of Self is considered the fifth element of Hip Hop, yet Hip Hop is rarely publicly discussed as an identity. By identity we are referring to that which contributes to an individual’s character, personal understanding, and worldview. We are currently accepting academic papers, poems, essays, and visual arts that speak to Hip Hop as an identity.

 

Hip Hop and Capacity Building

What began as a way to “keep kids off the street” is evolving from a movement into a unified and cohesive field. WBL is looking for examples of promising practices in Education (K – 16), Nonprofit, For-Profit, and the emerging For-mission space to include in a wide-reaching, information exchange. This will not only help other programs do a better job of connecting with youth, but also help develop standards of practice that will contribute to the advancement of the field. We are specifically interested in models of program design or case studies on leadership, grassroots advocacy, holistic approaches to education, and policies that support sustainability.

 

Legacy: Lessons Learned from our Elders and Ancestors

History provides numerous examples of art transforming communities in meaningful and tangible ways. So any effort to advance the field would be incomplete without taking a moment to look back and apply prior experience to new circumstances. WBL is looking for submissions that will allow us to learn from the wisdom of our elders and ancestors.

 

Please submit a 150-word abstract for your submission with an email address and telephone number by March 30, 2013. Panel proposals will be considered as well as short films, poetry, and artwork. The authors of those submissions that are selected for publication will be invited to present at the 2013 Teach In scheduled for July 12-14, 2013.

 

Submissions can take the form of the following: Scholarly research papers, critical essays, scholarly reviews, editorials, prose, poetry and artwork

 

For more details including word count, and process of submitting see the full call for submissions HERE

Submissions on other topics will also be considered.

Questions? Email: submissions@wblinc.org

Colleges Love Hip Hop, But Do They Love Black Men Too?

Professor Travis Gosa at Cornell has just penned an important and insightful article in the Chronicle of Higher Education describing how colleges and universities around the country are adopting hip hop studies courses and programs, but are leaving behind those most responsible for hip hop, the young black male.

According to Gosa:  "Hip-hop represents the latest attempt by contemporary universities to rebrand themselves, as competition for students, financial support, and star professors intensifies.  This month the College of William & Mary followed in the footsteps of Cornell, Harvard, and colleges that are part of the Atlanta University Center [Morehouse, Spelman and Clark Atlanta] by establishing a hip-hop library collection. With more than 300 college courses related to hip-hop offered each year, full-fledged hip-hop degrees represent a niche repositioning in the education marketplace, even though hip-hop scholars have a hard time articulating the worth of those programs for future success in the labor market.

Institutions of higher learning are failing to address the most problematic irony of hip-hop studies: The explosion of hip-hop in the academy has not coincided with positive educational gains for black men. While colleges race to analyze the street-born music, body movements, art, and poetry, the people whose images are most associated with hip-hop—young black men—continue to be left behind."

Gosa touches on the prison regime in his piece, though it does not discuss the War on Drugs and the Prison Industrial Complex as major reasons that a paucity of young black male students exists at most universities across the country.  Gosa argues persuasively that we must adopt affirmative measures to ensure that black male students focus on garnering a college education.  In addition, we must strive to end the War on Drugs as currently constituted in order to free young African American and Latino males to reach their greatest educational potential. 

Hip Hop Literacies Conference at Ohio State University

The Ohio State University Office of Diversity and Inclusion is hosting the Hip Hop Literacies Conference: Pedagogies for Social Change this weekend, on February 15-16, 2013, in Columbus, Ohio.  and Panels and Roundtables on the following subject will be offered:  (a) "Innovative and Critical Education for a Better World," (b) "Hip Hop's Pedagogical Imperative: What Hip Hop Teaches Us About Teaching the Law," (c) "Mass Incarceration, Community Re-entry and Hip Hop," and (d) "Bomb the Schools! Watch the Throne! Teach the Youth!" amongst many others. 

Hip hop artist Yo Yo will conclude the weekend with a keynote address and concert on February 16, 2013, at the King Arts Complex.  Attendance is free to the public, but registration is required at "http://2013osuhiphopliteracies.eventbrite.com."

The Chronic: 20 Years Later

Has it been twenty years since The Chronic dropped in 1993?  Apparently this is true as National Public Radio (NPR) has undertaken to chronicle 1993, a "remarkable year in music."  In looking back at this remarkable year in music, NPR begins by examining Dr. Dre and his Chronic record which "had roots in the cultural and social upheaval sparked by the Los Angeles riots the year before."

While hip hop had long enjoyed wide popularity and important social commentary status, The Chronic became an anthem album for millions of young people in the United States and across the globe.  In responding in part to the L.A. Riots, The Chronic captured the anger, angst, and anxiety that encapsulated a city and community that considered itself, in some ways, at war with the police employed to protect them.  Hip hop had critiqued police brutality aggressively before 1993 and The Chronic, particularly in Dr Dre's former group N.W.A.'s still fiery "F*#k tha Police, and Public Enemy's "Get the F*#k Outta Dodge," but The Chronic was the first to deal with police brutality following the world's introduction to the Los Angeles Police Department's brutalization of Rodney King, which precipitated the L.A. Riots.

Recall, that in the late 1980s when NWA released "F*#k tha Police" and Public Enemy recorded "Get the F*#k Outta Dodge," hip hop was acting as the "Black CNN" reporting on inner city community ills that were largely ignored by the mass media.  NWA and Public Enemy came under intense criticism for their anti-police brutality songs in the late 1980s, as law enforcement officials and politicians simply denied such critiques.  Only after the LAPD was captured on a grainy hand-held video beating the prone and subdued Rodney King was America clued in to the truth that NWA and Public Enemy had been claiming through narrative lyric:  U.S. law enforcement commonly brutalizes the communities they are charged to protect.

Seizing on this moment, (i.e., America's eye-opening moment that police brutality continues against people of color), The Chronic bemoans the circumstances that attend life in the 'hood (through Lil' Ghetto Boy, Nuthin' but a G Thang, and The Day the N*#*#z Took Over, amongst others).  The NPR story concludes:  "[The Chronic] is an audio document, with a lot of creativity and art and entertainment going along with it. Some people might think that that's wrong, but it's art, it's poetry. And it's supposed to have pain in it. You can gather that from listening to The Chronic — about the L.A. riots — you can feel it, you can kind of understand. And a lot of people agree that they captured it incredibly well. . . . [The Chronic] doesn't have all the answers, and it didn't solve the problems of its time. It's low-riding party music, intended to provide an escape. It also gives voice to the frustrations borne of burned-out buildings, grinding poverty and a feeling that nobody cared."

Martin Luther King and Equal Economic Opportunity

On a day where the United States celebrates the memory of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., it seems appropriate to remember his legacy through highlighting his lesser known campaign against poverty.  Following an era that witnessed Dr. King winning the Nobel Peace Prize and leading the civil rights movement in the 1960s, he turned his attention squarely upon economic inequality prior to his assassination.  In the last few years of his life, Dr. King implored the nation and those in power to allow, even provide, equal opportunity for all.

From Dedrick Muhammad's article "The Economic Lessons of Martin Luther King" we see that:  "In fact, in the last year of his life, Dr. King was organizing the Poor People's Campaign, a multiracial effort to alleviate poverty and provide guaranteed income for every citizen. King understood that without greater economic equality, racial disparities and divisions could not be overcome."  Muhammad notes further that "[d]uring Dr. King's famed speech at the March on Washington for Freedom and Jobs, he stated, 'We refuse to believe there are insufficient funds in the great vaults of opportunity of this nation.' One of the great economic lessons Dr. King has for us all is this: The road to prosperity requires of us faith, struggle, sacrifice, and investment, particularly for the most vulnerable."

As we are inspired today by MLK's messages of social equality, it is important to remember that economic justice and equality of opportunity were just as significant a part of his life and legacy.

Happy MLK Day.


[photo is in the public domain]

Hip-Hop and the Law Review: The Year in Review

The previous year has seen a number of articles published on hip-hop in the country's law reviews.  The following is a nearly complete list of those articles that consider hip-hop in any number of forms: case study, methodology, theoretical intervention, etc.  One trend is the continued study of hip-hop's relationship to copyright law.  2012 has seen more focus on hip-hop and copyright law than on hip-hop and other sub-disciplines.  Why?  Perhaps the continued evolution of web-based technologies and the increasing ease of sharing information (Twitter, Instagram, Pinterest, etc.) has made issues of copyright law and intellectual property more salient to the average person.  Perhaps the re-appropriation of corporate logos by Occupiers has inspired more inquiry into the ways in which material is used and abused.  No matter the reason, 2013 should see continued work on hip-hop as scholars continue to study the effects of hip-hop on the Arab Spring, further investigate the effects of mass incarceration, become increasingly exposed to students who grew up with hip-hop, and theorize new relationships to the law given our increasingly diverse country. 

In no particular order, here are 2012's hip-hop-related articles:

Andrea M. Ewart with Kimberly R. Villiers, "Dangerous" Dancehall Reggae and Caribbean Treaty Obligations, 27 Connecticut Journal of International Law 321-343 (Spring 2012)

andre douglas pong cummings, Derrick Bell: Godfather Provocateur, 28 Harvard Journal on Racial and Ethnic Justice 51-66 (Spring 2012)

andre douglas pond cummings, Symposium: War on...The Fallout of Declaring War on Social Issues: "All Eyez on Me": America's War on Drugs and the Prison-Industrial Complex, 15 Journal of Gender, Race and Justice 417-448 (Spring 2012)

Vera Golosker, Student Note: the transformative tribute: How Mash-Up Music Constitutes Fair Use of Copyrights, 34 Hastings Communications and Entertainment Law Journal 381-401 (Spring 2012)

Lisa T. Alexander, Hip-Hop and Housing: Revisiting Culture, Urban Space, Power, and Law, 63 Hastings Law Journal 803-866 (March 2012)

Unsigned Student Note, Student Note: Not in Court "Cause I Stole a Beat": The Digital Music Sampling Debate's Discourse on Race and Culture, and the Need for Test Case Litigation, 2012 University of Illinois Journal of Law, Technology & Policy 141-166 (Spring 2012)

Donald F. Tibbs, Symposium: War on...The Fallout of Declaring War on Social Issues: From Black Power to Hip Hop: Discussing Race, Policing, and the Fourth Amendment Through the "War on" Paradigm, 15 Journal of Gender, Race and Justice 47-79 (Winter 2012)

Anna Shapell, Student Note: "Give Me a Beat:" Mixing and Mashing Copyright Law to Encompass Sample-Based Music, 12 Journal of High Technology Law 519-565 (2012)

Kim D. Chanbonpin, Legal Writing: the Remix: Plagiarism and Hip Hop Ethics, 63 Mercer Law Review 597-638 (Winter 2012)

John S. Pelletier, Student Note: Sampling the Circuits: The Case for a New Comprehensive Scheme for Determining Copyright Infringement as a Result of Music Sampling, 89 Washington University Law Review 1161-1202 (2012)

Tracy Reilly, Good Fences Make Good Neighboring Rights: The German Federal Supreme Court Rules on the Digital Sampling of Sound Recordings in Metall auf Metall, 13 Minnesota Journal of Law, Science & Technology 153-209 (Winter 2012)

Caleb Mason, Jay-Z's 99 Problems, Verse 2: A Close Reading with Fourth Amendment Guidance for Cops and Perps, 56 Saint Louis University Law Journal 567-585 (Winter 2012)

Here's to a hip-hop and the law filled new year and more excelleent scholarship. 


-- Nick J. Sciullo

Happy New Year

photo courtesy of Katie Rommel Esham/Wikimedia Commons

The Hip Hop Law Blog wishes a happy and healthy 2013 to all of our readers, supporters and commentators.  We look forward to a year where genuine progress is made in connection with ending the War on Drugs, scaling back the prison industrial complex, providing education and employment opportunities for all, each important historical themes of forward-thinking hip hop artists and scholars.

New articles from the communication discipline

In the most recent issue of Critical Studies in Mass Communication (Vol. 29, No. 5), Bryan McCann (Department of Communication, Wayne State University) has published, "Contesting the Mark of Criminality: Race, Place and the Prerogative of Violence in N.W.A.'s Straight Outta Compton" and David C. Oh (Department of Communication, Villanova University) has published, "Black-Yellow Fences: Multicultural Boundaries and Whiteness in the Rush Hour Franchise."  Both articles may be of interest to you fine readers. 

McCann's abstract:

 

This essay reads rap group N.W.A.'s 1998 album Straight Outta Compton as a parodic enactment of the racialized discourses of law and order during the late 1980s, or what I am calling the mark of criminality.  Its release constituted a watershed moment in black popular culture that coincided with the devastating consequences of surveillance, containment, and spectacular scapegoating associated with Reagan-era crime control policies and rhetoric.  I argue that the album and its reception by the law enforcement community of the late 1980s functioned as a confrontation over the meanings of race, place, and crime in the twentieth century.  In addition to revealing the contingent meanings of criminality in popular and political culture, the legacy of Straight Outta Compton provides insights into the role of criminality in processes of social transformation.

From Oh's abstract:

 

The Rush Hour films disrupt the interracial buddy cop formula largely by erasing whites from the films.  Despite the unconventional casting, the franchise has achieved "mainstream" popularity, which I argue is at least partly because the films construct Carter and Lee in an oppositional binary as a multiracial "odd couple," converting Carter and Lee, the two lead detectives played by Chris Tucker and Jackie Chan, into physical embodiments of blackness and yellowness, fencing in the perimeters of whiteness.  Thus, whiteness is able to remain protected and undetected in the normative center.  Like a physical fence, however, the boundaries are semi-permeable, creating narrative openings to challenge whiteness.  Therefore, the Rush Hour franchise protects white normality but leaves it somewhat vulnerable at the margins.

Both articles are available at the journal website or on EBSCO. 


-- Nick J. Sciullo

Public Enemy and the Rock & Roll Hall of Fame

Public Enemy live

HipHopLaw.com favorite Chuck D and Public Enemy will be inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2013.  When Chuck D provided the keynote address to the "Hip Hop and the American Constitution" course in April 2012, offered collaboratively by Drexel Law and WVU Law, he spent the first portion of his address sharing with our law school students and invited guests, the induction speech he had written for 2012's R&R HOF inductees, The Beastie Boys.  Now Chuck and PE will have the opportunity to craft their own acceptance speech for their own HOF induction.

Public Enemy's Hall of Fame induction is important for many reasons:  First, PE will be only the fourth hip hop group inducted into the R&R HOF (following on the heels of Grandmaster Flash and the Furious Five, RUN-DMC, and the Beastie's), but PE will become the first overtly political and socially conscious hip hop group to be inducted and recognized for the movement that they inspired.

Second, PE was not just controversial at launch, but they unabashadely critiqued (a) the criminal justice system in the United States (in "Black Steel in the Hour of Chaos" and "Can't Truss It," amongst many others); (b) continuing and festering racism in America (in "Fight the Power" and "By the Time I Get to Arizona," amongst many others); and (c) police brutality and inner city neglect (in "Get the F Outta Dodge" and "9-1-1 is a Joke," amongst many others).  Public Enemy inspired listeners to write, protest, rap, and actively engage in fighting against injustice and promoting education and intelligent criticism.

Third, PE, certainly Chuck and Professor Griff,  viewed themselves as educators AND entertainers, not simply entertainers.  With a strident message to deliver, Chuck, Griff and PE were relentless in their lyrics and their delivery.  For this, PE was annihilated by critics when they emerged in the early 1990s.  Still, PE knew that their target audience was not the establishment nor their critics, rather young people that needed to be educated in a way different than was being delivered by most U.S. public schools. "Messages" delivered below:



In rewatching Can't Truss It, one is reminded just how controversial and edgy PE was when they came out in the late 1980s and early 1990s.  The choice for induction in the R&R HOF is certainly deserved as this groundbreaking group paved the way for so many others to follow.  Congratulations to Chuck D and Public Enemy on their selection for induction into the Rock & Roll Hall of Fame.